Essay The Policies Of The Palestine Liberation Organisation

The Policies Of The Palestine Liberation Organisation Before 1964, most Palestinians hoped that Arab states nearby would destroy the state of Israel. Inspired by Nasser in Egypt, they expected him to lead an Arab army in a campaign to successfully destroy Israeli power. However, time passed, and little progress was made, leading to many Palestinians becoming disillusioned with the help they received from the Arab states that they were relying on. Instead, they began to set up their own organisations, to defend Palestinian rights, and to fight against the state of Israel. One of the first of these was called ‘Fatah’. Set up in 1959 by Palestinian exiles in Kuwait, its leader was a young†¦show more content†¦Palestine should be an Arab state. These views were stated in the Palestinian National Charter, a document that set out the key principles of the PLO. It was originally written in 1964, but revised in 1968. Yet Arafat had many problems. Fatah was the biggest group in the PLO, but there were many others as well, meaning a very loose structure to the organisation. Many of these groups took a much harder line than Fatah, and were based in Syria. Another important policy was that the PLO insisted that Armed Struggle was the best way to liberate Palestine. Arafat launched a guerrilla war on the Israelis, driven by the success of the Algerian Nationalists in driving the French from Algeria. But in this case, the Israeli forces were too strong, and the war failed. With this failure, the PLO decided to launch attacks on Israeli civilians, and civilian targets, these acts condemned as terrorism. Mainly carried out by splinter groups of the PLO, the main body did play a part in the attacks. In 1970, 3 airliners were hijacked, and destroyed in Jordan, gaining massive publicity for the organisation. In 1972, Black September, a group in the PLO, was responsible for the deaths of 11 Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympic games. 26 Israeli civilians were killed by Japanese supporters of a group in the organisation at Lod airport, and in 1976, anotherShow MoreRelatedHistorical Conflict Between Palestine And Israel1176 Words   |  5 PagesSeptember, 1993, a seldom moment between Israeli Prime Minister, Yitzhak Rabin and Palestinian Liberation Organisation Chairman, Yasser Arafat marked a context in history. The Oslo Peace Accords had been written and signed by the two leaders – the newly found peace, marked with a single handshake. Unfortunately, this ideal of a non-violent and diplomatic future did not prevail. 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How Did Steinbeck Influence Of Mice And Men - 912 Words

Steinbeck’s influence in of Mice and Men Steinbeck’s personal views on people he perceived as less than him shaped of Mice and Men. He had created a story that was in direct correlation with the people that he encountered in his everyday life. Steinbeck developed characters off his own biased opinions of those people. He falls into place within his own story without ever mentioning his own name. Overall Steinbeck based the story off his personal views. Steinbeck’s parents, John Ernst Steinbeck and Olive Hamilton, had both imprinted their own perspectives on him. His father was a county treasurer and his mother was a school teacher (Commire 176). He had received his economic views from his father. Due to his success and wealth, he†¦show more content†¦They talk as if they were born and raised on a farm, and never given the opportunity to be properly educated, much like the people Steinbeck was involved with. The characters in of Mice and Men can be compa red to real people from Steinbeck’s life. During Steinbeck’s days of being a ranch hand, he was surrounded by workers that represent George and Lennie. â€Å"Two migrant ranch hands, George and the mentally challenged Lennie, and their simple yet ultimately thwarted dream of owning their own land.† (â€Å"John Steinbeck†). All their lives they had jumped from job to job because of Lennie’s disability. They had experienced several difficulties due to Lennie’s inability to control himself, so their dream of a farm full of rabbits and other animals had seemed to be nothing more than a dream. Other people within the story had also been in direct relation to those of his personal life. Curley’s wife had been depicted as a harlot. This specific character could have been put into place due to Steinbeck’s several failed marriages. 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This struggle for success is most commonly called the â€Å"American Dream.† The aspect of the American Dream has been around forever and is often the underlying theme in many pieces of American literature. The theme of the American is especially presented in Of Mice and Men written by John Steinbeck, The GreatRead MoreA Psychological Analysis of Of Mice and Men Essay1319 Words   |  6 Pagesliterature but the two most recognized are the Freudian and Jungian approach. The best approach to use when critically analyzing the novel Of Mice and Men, written by John Steinbeck, is the Jungian approach. Because the novel’s main theme is a struggle with the idea of â€Å"self†, using this approach allows the reader to understand the main character, its influences, and ultimately his actions. The Jungian approach was brought about by Carl Jung. He believed in the concept of individuation. This is the

Communication Technology free essay sample

A look at three major technology platforms for communication: Wireless Access Protocol, General Packet Radio Service, and the third generation Universal Mobile Telecommunication System. This paper examines these three main types of platforms for this technology and their suitability with the consumers. Each system is defined and advantages-disadvantages discussed. The writer looks at the compatibility of each system for different services required. The acronym WAP stands for Wireless Access Protocol. This simply means that it is through WAP the wireless devices communicate. A lot of different types of data can be sent via a WAP. One of the main uses of WAP is in cellular phones and the exchange of data being voice or short messages. WAP is technically compatible with most of the GSM services and clients. There can be either a dedicated WAP server or a traditional web server to power the WAP. All these components must communicate with one another, as WAP itself is only a protocol. We will write a custom essay sample on Communication Technology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Situation Analysis Case Study of Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank

Question: Discuss about the Situation Analysis Case Study of Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank . Answer: Overview of the offering Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank is the product selected for the study which is an electronic gadget (Weinstein and Pohlman 2015). The product named as Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank is selected for the study because it is different from normal power bank and can be used for more than one product at a time. This is an innovative product that actually will meet the needs of customers who are willing to purchase it at a price. The main reason behind selecting the product is the problem that arises when it is difficult to use mobile phone power bank to charge laptops as well (Sheth and Sisodia 2015). Hence, this new product named as Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank can charge both at the same time. Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank is an electronic gadget that has variety if useful features in comparison to normal power bank. Furthermore, the specifications for Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank are 900mAH battery capacity that is exactly double the capacity than the normal power bank (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013). Therefore, using Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank, it can also charge 3 to 4 Smart phones at single time; it can start a car through jump starter and also a torch with multi USB. PESTEL Analysis Political Issues- There is huge governmental interference in countries like New Zealand when it comes to selling of electronic gadgets. This particular electronic gadget will face political pressures in New Zealand where the political environment is unstable as well as prone to frequent changes especially in the governing structures. There, this innovative electronic gadget has to worry about the political instability in New Zealand as they are involved into strategic calculations for near future (Meffert 2013). Economic Issues- In case of economic crisis and increase in the inflation rates, the sale of Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank will hugely affect in the country like New Zealand. It depends upon the purchasing power of consumer whether they can afford the price of Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank with the income they get. Socio-cultural Issues- With the frequent change in trends and fashion, it is difficult for the marketers to think of any new innovative product that will be preferable to customers for longer period of time. In case of electronic gadgets, the purchase gets largely influenced by the lifestyle preferences of consumers where the socio-cultural factors are different (Kotler et al. 2015). Technological Issues- Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank is a technology-driven product where the product harnesses the power of technology as well as innovation for gaining sustainable business advantage. With the advancement of technology, it is now difficult to meet the needs of individuals as they need innovative products at each phases of life. Ecological Issues- Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank has to be aware of the need for making its products for becoming ethical consumer. The power bank product should not compromise upon working conditions or the wages that is paid to the labors who actually engages in producing the final product. Legal Issues- There is many laws and regulations imposed on producing electronic gadgets if it is otherwise imitated or copied from other brands (Kotler et al. 2014). Competitor Analysis The product category of Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank is electronic gadget that deals in electronic industry. Electronic industry is a highly integrated industry where Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank product will be constant under intense direct as well as indirect competition. Direct competition comes from existing as well as emerging competitors from other electronics companies from countries such as China, Taiwan and South Korea. Indirect competitors, on the other hand come from alternative technologies (Hollensen 2015). The electronic gadgets such as Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank faces stiff competition from existing electronic players such as Apple, Samsung and Nokia who already are technology giant and has large market share. The product named as Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank will be offered at affordable prices to that of its competitors. It is necessary for a marketer to form a new pricing strategy that can be directly compared with that of competitor. Keeping the price lower is not always a preferable strategy as it widely depends upon the customers perceptions regarding the product in a different ways (Foxall 2014). The listed competitors are Apple who is a technology giant but provides their electronic gadgets at higher rates or pricing. Samsung, on the other hand, keeps their pricing strategy to a rate where people can afford and it provides in variety of ranges. Nokia, in recent times are losing their customer base and market share as they are not able to come up with any new innovative electronic gadgets (Ekpo et al. 2015). SWOT Analysis Strengths and Weakness- One of the strength of Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank product is cost advantages, unique advantages as well as updated technology that meets the needs of tech-savvy individuals. High debt burden, online presence as well as weak supply chain and cost structure are few of the weakness that is faced by the product named as Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank (Dickinson 2014). Opportunities and Threats- The electronic gadgets make the economy grow at faster pace. There is evolving technology and online presence that will provide opportunity for the product to grow in the near future. Threats include volatile currencies, mature markets as well as intense competition and political risk at the same time. Segmentation approach Geographic segmentation-The product will be made available through online sites where free courier services will be provided to the local consumer in New Zealand country. In case the order comes from outside the country, then shipping charges will be applicable (Chernev 2014). Demographic segmentation- The product will be made available to the demographic population irrespective of age, race, religion as well as gender and income. This can be segmented into various markets that help particular products for targeting their customers in an accurate form. Psychographic segmentation-The product will be available for the technology savvy customers depending upon the personality traits, values and beliefs that they possess. Behavioral segmentation- The product can be segmented in according to the buying behavior of the customers in accordance to the knowledge as well as response to the particular product. Target audiences Primary Target Market- The primary target market is the online platform where this innovative electronic product will be available to the tech savvy individuals. Profiling the product geographically means worldwide presence as they offer their products online (Bickhoff, Hollensen and Opresnik 2014). On demographic terms, they will target the youth population and high income earned groups who are tech savvy and always shows interest for any innovative electronic gadgets that can help them in their work. On psychological terms, the product targets the youth population who poses the values and beliefs to take advantage of battery backup that can actually them charge their mobiles and laptops at the same time. On behavioral terms, the product targets the customers who have the willingness to purchase innovative electronic gadgets through recommendations by their friends at higher education and colleagues at work. The size of the market is huge as the product target online medium for making the customer aware of their unique offerings. Purchase characteristics of the product include Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank is a multi tasking product that can charge more than one mobile within short period of time in comparison with other power banks. Customers can even use the facility of torch at the same time. Furthermore, the product can also start the car when battery gone flat. This electronic gadget has more battery backups. This product is user-friendly and customers can carry it very easily in their pocket. Addition accessories will be provided along with Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank such as extra universal connection, multi charger as well as USB cables and wall charger. The product will come with some extra LED bulbs for the torch. Secondary target market- Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank targets the supermarkets such as warehouse as well as super cheap as their secondary target sources. This is the place where the product can provide samples to the automobiles shops as well as advertise the power bank in the car fairs and car yards at the same time. The marketer of the newly launched product has to contact with the automobile industry. On geographical terms, Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank will be made available at stores, automobile shops, car fairs and car yards in local areas. On demographic terms, Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank will be made available to the younger population (Chernev 2014). On psychological terms, Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank will be made available to individuals who have high values and beliefs on purchase of technology-driven products for making their work easier. On behavioral terms, Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank will be made available to the individuals who have intensity to purchase electronic gadgets that can charge more than two gadgets at a time. Target Market Strategy Mass Marketing- Mass marketing is one of the marketing strategy where the firm decides upon to ignore market segment differences as well as appeal the whole market with one offer or one strategy that particularly supports the idea of broadcasting a message that can reach the largest number of people possible (Weinstein and Pohlman 2015). In this marketing, the marketers make use of radio, television and newspaper for reaching out large number of audience. Differentiated Marketing- This type of marketing strategy is used by companies when they create campaigns that appeal at least two market segments or the target groups. Concentrated Marketing- This type of market strategy takes place when product is developed as well as marketed for a well-defined and specific segment of the consumer population (Chernev 2014). Customized Marketing- This type of marketing method takes place when advertiser tries for customizing the message that meets the unique needs of a specific customer or specific subset of customers. Justification of using the appropriate target market strategy In this particular study, concentrated marketing strategy will be used as Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank is developed as well as marketed for a reason where customer will gain benefits from its battery backup facilities when they need it during emergency. This product is offered to a specific consumer population who have the internet access and tech-savvy youth population. Sustained Competitive Advantage There are various product attributes of Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank that is actually important for the customers as it can charge a mobile for short period of time (Weinstein and Pohlman 2015). Possible sustained competitive advantage for the product is to make available to the target customers so that they have the access to Turbo Multifunctional Power Bank. Positioning Strategy The Positioning strategy adopted for these electronic gadgets will be focusing on excellent service, quality as well as technological advancements. The price point was reached as planned as well as position in the market where it is strong as well as reaches the pre-determined goals. In this case, the product is offered at affordable prices where there is one year warranty. Slogans for positioning strategy is Service, Quality and Technological Advancements Potential factors affecting buyer behavior Buying power of individuals can potentially influence purchase of the electronic gadgets. Technologically advanced individuals who are tech savvy and have the intention to purchase the latest technology electronic gadgets will directly influences the minds of those customers for making the purchase at a price (Weinstein and Pohlman 2015). Good word of mouth communication from family members and friends might potentially influence purchase. Promotional activities can likely influence the purchase of the electronic gadget product. Social factors might influence the purchase of electronic gadgets. Time factors can likely influence the purchase of electronic gadgets. References Bickhoff, N., Hollensen, S. and Opresnik, M., 2014. Marketing and marketing management: A first basic understanding. InThe Quintessence of Marketing(pp. 3-15). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Chernev, A., 2014.Strategic marketing management. Cerebellum Press. Dickinson, J.R., 2014. The marketing management experience.Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning,27. Ekpo, A.E., Riley, B.K., Thomas, K.D., Yvaire, Z., Gerri, G.R.H. and Muoz, I.I., 2015. As worlds collide: The role of marketing management in customer-to-customer interactions.Journal of Business Research,68(1), pp.119-126. Foxall, G., 2014.Strategic Marketing Management (RLE Marketing)(Vol. 3). Routledge. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Kotler, P., Keller, K.L., Ancarani, F. and Costabile, M., 2014.Marketing management 14/e. Pearson. Kotler, P., Keller, K.L., Manceau, D. and Hmonnet-Goujot, A., 2015.Marketing management(Vol. 14). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Meffert, H., 2013.Marketing-Management: AnalyseStrategieImplementierung. Springer-Verlag. Pealoza, L., Toulouse, N. and Visconti, L.M. ., 2013.Marketing management: A cultural perspective. Routledge. Sheth, J.N. and Sisodia, R.S., 2015.Does marketing need reform?: Fresh perspectives on the future. Routledge. Weinstein, A. and Pohlman, R.A., 2015. Customer value: a new paradigm for marketing management. InProceedings of the 1997 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 132-133). Springer International Publishing.

Americas Teens Up In Smoke Essays - Human Behavior, Smoking, Health

America's Teens Up In Smoke Essays - Human Behavior, Smoking, Health America's Teens Up In Smoke Americas Teens Up in Smoke On every street corner in America, you will find a teen smoking. Even though a number of commercials and school orientations have given the effects of smoking, the kids feel they are invincible to the effects smoking can cause. Tobacco companies have targeted the youth, ages eleven to seventeen, because they are the future of their industry and very influential (Britannica online). Yes it is true; the future of America has been the focus of their progression. However, how can we have a healthy outlook on the future if 34.8 percent of our youth are inhaling five hundred chemicals into their bodies (Britannica online)? Society needs to focus on telling teenagers the numerous effects of smoking, so they can live a healthier life. The effects of smoking have long been proven to destroy out bodies. The number one disease caused by smoking is cancer. Ola James husband died of lung cancer this past summer. She says Every time I see someone light a cigarette, I think of how sick Richard was and it breaks my heart. She has watched the one person who meant more to her than anyone else in the world, die from a disease that TV has advertised for years. Although a smoker for many years, Richard James might be alive today if he had quit smoking when he was young. Smoking can also cause emphysema, which is a condition of the lungs marked by distension and frequently by impairment of heart action. Smoking has also been known to cause yellow stains on teeth, inflamed gums, periodontal disease, and other diseases of the mouth (Britannica online). With that in mind, who wants to have a cigarette hanging out of their mouth? Well the answer to that question can be answered in two words . . . todays youth. While no one really understands why teenagers take their first puff, whether its peer pressure or another reason, the fact is that they do. Obviously they dont have a high regard for their health. After repeatedly being told that smoking is bad, teenagers just do not seem to care. Another problem with smoking is the effects it has on others around you. Studies have shown that second hand smoke is more dangerous than first hand smoke (askjeeves.com). It causes those around them to be more susecptable to getting respritory problems and cancer. Now the 34.8 percent of the youth are not only bringing themselves down, but they are bringing down the rest of the population with them. If teenagers continue to smoke while they are pregnant, it will result in low birth weights and/or severe birth defects. This is not making Americas future look to bright. Although teenagers have been warned of the effects of smoking, they will continue to light up whenever and wherever they please. We as citizens must fight to make teenage smoking harder to start. We must make new laws, ensure that America follows these laws, and punish those who break them. I dont know who had it worse, teenagers fifty years ago who didnt know the effects of smoking, or teenagers today who do know the effects and just dont care. Smoking is doing nothing but harming the youth through diseases, and hurting those around them. If they knew more about the effects, then maybe they would not be so quick to start.

Inspirational Quotes About Uniqueness

Inspirational Quotes About Uniqueness Since childhood, we have heard that each of us is unique. Yet, in the humdrum of life, as we walk along with millions of others on the eternal quest for success, what really makes us stand out? Can you put your finger on your unique feature? Here are some uniqueness quotes. Perhaps these uniqueness quotes will help you in your quest to find your zing. Michael SchenkerI believe that every person has uniqueness something that nobody else has. Robert H. SchullerAs we grow as unique persons, we learn to respect the uniqueness of others. Eric HofferIt is the child in man that is the source of his uniqueness and creativeness, and the playground is the optimal milieu for the unfolding of his capacities and talents. Hilary DuffMom always tells me to celebrate everyones uniqueness. I like the way that sounds. James BroughtonTrusting your individual uniqueness challenges you to lay yourself open. Dr. SeussToday you are You, that is truer than true. There is no one alive who is Youer than You. Henri MatisseIt has bothered me all my life that I do not paint like everybody else. Walt DisneyThe more you like yourself, the less you are like anyone else, which makes you unique. Eileen CaddyA human being is a single being. Unique and unrepeatable. Coco ChanelIn order to be irreplaceable one must always be different. William JamesHe who refuses t o embrace a unique opportunity loses the prize as surely as if he had failed. D.M. DellingerYou are unrepeatable. There is a magic about you that is all your own. Jane GentryDare to be remarkable. John MasonYou were born to be an original. Don’t die a copy. Vicky WallYou are the colors you choose.

Comparing Susan Glaspells Play Trifles with her Short Story A Jury of Essay

Comparing Susan Glaspells Play Trifles with her Short Story A Jury of - Essay Example The sense of male authority more effectively forms the hallmark of the story, which is more than can be said about Trifles if acting in the play is left out of the question and just text is scrutinized. Angel appears to be deeply fascinated with the short story version of Trifles in her article. She claims that compared to the play, the story focuses on women’s perspective who were shunned from the legal system. These were women who had judgment skills far superior to any men around, but were not given credit for that because it was men and not women who made the law, who were judges, and who investigated murder trials. The women in the story managed to see beneath the surface and reached different legal conclusions than men did. Women reached correct conclusions because of their different experiences and values than men and this difference is very superiorly explicated in the short story version of the play. It is suggested by Ben-Zvi in her article that compared to Trifles, Glaspell goes further in her short story to highlight patriarchal power and its implications on women. Trifles does not as brilliantly and as deeply analyzes the awkwardness of Mr. Hale’s character as the â€Å"Jury† does. In the start of the short story, the authoress dedicates many words to explaining how easily Mr. Hale is intimidated by fellow men like the County Attorney. However, when it comes to women of the house, he effortlessly undermines their perceptions of judgment. It is Mr. Hale and not the women of Mr. Wright’s house who gets to detail the murder report because of his gender. He directly taunts the women refusing to acknowledge that they could possibly have any clue about murder. Such examples of patriarchal power and female marginalization are more efficiently detailed in the Jury. In her article, Mael explains that just as the short story

How a firm can make an entry into EU economic zone Essay

How a firm can make an entry into EU economic zone - Essay Example According to the research, European Economic Area was established in 1994 in order to facilitate trade between different member countries and to outline a uniform framework for member countries to actually trade with each other without any significant barriers to entry. In order to make a successful entry into any new market, it is important that the international firms must take into consideration particular factors related to that economic zone. Each zone has its own unique characteristics in terms of its demographics, culture, economics, legal framework, political environment as well as other issues which can directly have an impact on the organization and the way it is going to operate in that region. EU shares a larger cultural heritage which is relatively similar across all countries with most of the countries speaking either German or French with English being dominating language in the UK only. The cultural similarity coupled with integrated economic zone has actually made it easier for international firms to actually make an entry into this region. However, due to the uniqueness of the culture, economic integration, geo-demographics as well as legal and social factors, new businesses can easily tap into the great potential offered by EU economic zone comprised of many countries of the region. Increasing economic burden on the countries like UK and Germany to actually pay off for the sovereign debt of countries like Ireland, Greece, Spain, and Italy making it difficult for these countries to actually normalize political pressure in their own home countries.

Tthe difference between Chinese and British Consumer Behaviour on Essay

Tthe difference between Chinese and British Consumer Behaviour on coffee consumption - Essay Example The study also examines some of the beliefs, perceptions and causal effects that influence coffee consumption. Answering the ways in which coffee brands have affected the coffee consumption and the overall consumer behaviour will help identify the differences and similarities in consumer behaviour in coffee consumption in China and UK. This chapter discusses the techniques that are used to collect and analyse primary data that will assist in justifying the study conducted in secondary sources. Rationale of research approach The study is conducted by making use of both the primary and the secondary data. This research entails qualitative and quantitative data. The secondary data offers the qualitative data that helps to get more information concerning the coffee consumption and consumer behaviour in China and UK. The reason for choosing to research on literature review is due to the fact that there might be previous studies of the same subject that might help in the study. The seconda ry data will help to gather information that might be hard to gather from primary data. It is also very easy and cheap to use the secondary data as it is readily available and would help answer unanswered questions. Secondary data will offer information that explains the consumer behaviour and what affects it. ... Both the primary and secondary data will help to verify the research hypothesis. Description of the data collection instruments The secondary data that provides the qualitative information is retrieved from secondary sources search as books, research reports and journals. They can also be retrieved from wed portals and electronic journals. These sources provide data that helps to analyse information from the past. They contain literature that are reviewed and have summarized theories from a wide range of sources. The primary data is collected by the use of statistical survey. One of the statistical survey method used in this study is the Likert scale type of questionnaire. It is made up of open-ended type of questions. It is a scaling method of a five point scale that shows the level of agreement with the given statement. The respondents are given a simple task to choose one of the options that range from â€Å"strongly agree, agree, uncertain, disagree and strongly disagree† (Jackson, 2011). The questions which are more of statements are positively structured which means that if the respondents agree to all statements, it will prove that coffee culture has been fully adopted in both countries. Rationale for data collection instruments The Likert scale questionnaire was the best to collect primary data because it would be easy for the respondents to understand the questions and also to answer them. One of the advantages of the Likert scale type of questionnaire is that it is effective, very easy to construct and they are also reliable. They are also very efficient because they are not complicated thus no major errors when collecting the data and administering them is very easy. They help in studying the

The Physical Development Children And Young People Essay

The Physical Development Children And Young People Essay An infant from birth cries when hungry. Gradually, he/she can recognise adults especially a mothers face and voice. He/she likes to watch their mums face or an adults face during feeding time. He/she smiles at familiar faces and voices. Physical Development: A baby just after birth sleeps most of the time and grows fast. A child by 6 months turns its head towards sound and movements. A child by this age starts to kick legs with movements gradually becoming smoother. Also, a baby starts to develop their hand eye co-ordination. He/she learns to roll from side on to back. A child enjoys finger play. Intellectual Development: A baby starts to recognise its parents by the age of 2 months. An infant reacts to familiar voice rather than unfamiliar voices. A baby observes the moving objects and stares at bright colours. Baby tries to explore by putting things into mouth. Communication and language development: By 3 months an infant makes a variety of happy sounds. A baby starts to respond to variety of music and other sounds. A baby tries to imitate the movement of the lips of an adult. Emotional Development: A baby at this age, usually very attached to its mother. If handled by unfamiliar methods and care, a baby may get upset. In this age, a child requires a familiar routine and also requires the security and the reassurance. AGE 6 12 MONTHS: Social Development: Baby of this age tries to communicate and respond to familiar people. By 9 months, a child is very wary of strangers. Child at this age starts to see self as separate from others. Physical Development: A baby starts to sit without support. By this age a baby may begin to crawl, stand and cruise while holding on to furniture. Baby learns o hold objects and transfer objects from one hand to other. It develops pincer grasps using thumb and index finger from about 6 months. At this age a baby drops things deliberately and looks for it. A baby enjoys water play. Intellectual Development: A baby recognises certain sound and objects. At this age, a baby shows interest to toys and picture books. He/she can enjoy various games especially water play. He/she observes people closely and tries to imitate their actions. He/she processes information through images. Communication and language development: A baby enjoys looking at picture. He/she also enjoys music. A baby responds with a smile and starts babbling and sometimes speaks to their mums. Emotional Development: By this age, a baby can differentiate between individuals and shows clear preferences and familiar adults. He/she can show clear likes and dislikes. AGE 1 2 YEARS: Social Development: A baby can respond to simple instructions. He/she wants to help adults and enjoy imitating their activities. It helps develop a sense of own identity. He/she plays alongside other children of own age for some time. He/she shows egocentric behaviour. Physical Development: A child becomes very mobile at this age. Between 12 to 15 months most children will start to walk and some can even go upstairs (with supervision). He/she can feed themselves. He/she has matured pincer grasps and can scribble with crayons. He/she can make a small tower by putting bricks/ blocks. He/she can wave good-bye, point or make noises to indicate their wants. Intellectual Development: A baby can recognise objects from pictures and books. He/she matches basic colours and start to match shapes. He/she can follow one step instructions. He/she show their preferences and start to make choices. He/she shows lots of curiosity and can concentrate for longer. He/she can do very simple puzzles. Communication and language development: By the age of 2, a child could be using 150-200 words. He/she can participate in songs and rhymes; enjoy listening to stories. He/she repeats words said by adults. He/she begins to ask questions like what and why. Emotional Development: A child is emotionally dependent on familiar adults. He/she likes to explore environment and is less frightened now when placed in new situations. The child reacts very strongly when he/she is not allowed to do a particular activity. Sometimes, He/she has mood swings and can be very clinging while some other time could be very independent. AGE 2 3 YEARS: Social Development: Childrens first friends are their parents and carer. He/she learns from them how to play and communicate with others. Babies and toddlers notice others and become fascinated by them. At around 2 years he/she is likely to play alongside with each other. By the age of 2years, most children have a feeling of identity and interestingly this coincides with their becoming more assertive. By the age of 3years, a child learns to play more of co-operative play. Physical Development: A child uses a potty and stays dry more reliably. He/she can come down stairs in upright position one stair at a time. He/she can climb well on play apparatus. He/she learns to paddle a tricycle. He/she can undress self but need some help to dress self. He/she has more control on holding crayons and paint brush. He/she can kick a ball and learns to jump. A child of this age can travel around, under, over, and through balancing and climbing equipment. Intellectual Development: A child can identify facial features and main body parts. He/she can follow two step instructions and can understand what is big and small. He/she starts to understand basic concepts of time and can match the colours and shapes. He/she becomes aware of what is right and wrong. He/she gathers information through language rather than image. He/she enjoys imaginative play and can concentrate long on creative activities. Communication and language development: He/she tries to communicate more with adult form of speech. A childs vocabulary increases to about 300 words and can deliver simple messages. Emotional Development: A child begins to understand the feelings of others. He/she is very curious about their environment but have no sense of danger. He/she could not understand about peoples pain at this age. AGE 3 5 YEARS: Social Development: A child starts socialising with people, learns to play with other children. He/she can show some friendship preferences but these are mainly based on play interests. He/she can use language more and more effectively with others. He/she can be confident in doing their own things as they develop their self help skills. He/she observes closely adults and tries to imitate them. He/she learns to share group possessions at play group or nursery but basically he/she is still egocentric. Physical Development: In this period a childs movements become more co-ordinated and smoother. A child by now starts to make various complex movements as the bones in the body starts to harden or have now formed. A child at this age remains clean and dry most of the time but could have some accidents. Child improves gross motor skills. He/she is more confident while jumping, riding a tricycle. Child at this age can throw a bowl but still unsure and inaccurate while catching the ball. By the age of 5years, a child is able to use variety of large equipments. A child improves his/her fine motor skills. A childs drawings are more detailed and representative. Intellectual Development: By the age of 3 years, a child imitates adults speech which can be understood by the strangers. A child becomes very inquisitive and asks lots of question. He/she knows parts of body. A child learns many things through play, tries to experiment with colours, shapes and texture. He/she can follow two or three step instructions. He/she has a better attention span at this age and hence, enjoys more complex activities. He/she learns to share and accepts ideas in group activities. He/she expresses strong opinions of likes and dislikes. Communication and language development: A childs vocabulary improves a lot. By this age, speech is fluent and the child is grammatically correct in using descriptive language. He/she can confidently form short sentences and uses language to communicate his/her own ideas. He/she enjoys constantly with people whom they know well. Emotional Development: A child is aware of the feelings and needs of others. He/she learns to comfort others who are upset, hurt or unwell. He/she can show occasional outburst when tired, stressed or frustrated. He/she can use language to express feelings and wishes and sometimes argues with other children. AGE 5 7 YEARS: Social Development: A child of this age likes to play mainly with child of same sex. A child is now aware of his/her own qualities. He/she tends to be fairly positive about him/her own skills. Physical Development: By this age, brain has developed further and is able to process information quickly. A child of this age is faster at dressing. As a result of improved co-ordination a child is more confident. By the age of 6 7 years, a child is able to sew simple stitches and ties or unties laces. All these prove that he/she has improved pincer grasp. Intellectual Development: A child of this age can differentiate between various shapes and sizes. He/she can match symbols, letters and numbers. By the age of 6 years, ability to write develops. He/she can read simple books, able to count up to 100. By this age, he/she understands the concept of conversation. Communication and language development: By this age, a child can communicate well with strangers. He/she is very fluent by now and can use correct and descriptive language. He/she has a wide range of vocabulary and can make up his/her own story. Emotional Development: A child becomes more independent and self-motivated. By this age, he/she is more sociable and friendly with others. He/she likes to play with same sex children and able to share. But, he /she need help in resolving issues. A child enjoys taking responsibility and helping others. AGE 7 12 YEARS: Social Development: At this age, a child starts enjoying company of other children and loves to be in a group. They are often same sex although some play activities will encourage boys and girls to play together. Now he/she is less dependent on close adults for support. Physical Development: A childs physical skill develops a lot and sometimes depends on his/her interests. He/she has more fine motor skills. Puberty starts for many girls from the age of 10 years and finishes by the age of 15 years and during this period their body undergoes various physical changes. For boys, this usually starts at around 13/14 years and finishes at around 16 years. A child develops hand eye co-ordination which leads to proficiency in climbing, running, balancing and skipping. Intellectual Development: 7 years onwards, most children are fluent speakers, readers and writers of their language. At this age, a child can read more complex texts and develops writing skills. At the age of 7 12 years, a child has great reasoning ability and can apply logic to solve problems. He/she has longer attention span so he/she enjoys various board games and computer games. His/her preferences for subject increase. He/she starts dealing with abstract ideas. Communication and language development: A child becomes highly verbal and enjoys making up and telling jokes. He/she has a wide range of vocabulary and can use more complex sentence structures. He/she can share ideas and feelings in more depth. He/she can share a very detailed account of past events and anticipate the future. He/she can listen to follow and execute more complex instructions. Emotional Development: A child is now aware of wider environment. He/she becomes very proud of his/her won achievements and sometimes can be very competitive. Usually, boys friendships are likely to be of group based while girls prefer closer but fewer friends. AGE 12 19 YEARS: Social Development: Young people want to spend more time with each other than with their family. Individual friendship is important for them and along with they enjoy being into a group. Sometimes, it can be seen young people can be strongly motivated by role models in media. They participate in teen games and enjoy group activities including clubs. Physical Development: By the age of 14/15 years, most girls have completed the process of puberty. Most girls have already started their menstrual cycle and become regular by the age of 16 years. For boys, the process of puberty has already started and for most finishes at around the age of 16 years. The body of a young people undergoes change in appearance because of many physical developments during this period. Intellectual Development: Young people are able to understand more complicated things in mathematical and scientific process. They extend their writing skills and can develop more creative skills and can understand other peoples point of view. They have a very high level of concentration. They develop logical thinking ability and may enjoy practising their new intellectual and verbal skills through debating either formally of informally. Communication and language development: Young people have extensive and varied vocabulary. They can use appropriate language styles, vocalises their ideas and feelings in greater depth. They can justify their own views and ideas. They enjoy more complex texts including fiction, poetry and factual books. Emotional Development: At this age, young people are very sensitive to their own feelings. Emotional maturity is constantly switching on between childish needs and adult desires. They are confident in their own skills and ideas. They have a good understanding of complex issues. Young people can find themselves caught between their desire to remain in a group but reluctant to adopt groups values and behaviour.

Development Of Computers :: essays research papers

THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS IN UKRAINE AND THE FORMER USSR The government and the authorities had paid serious attention to the development of the computer industry right after the Second World War. The leading bodies considered this task to be one of the principal for the national economy. Up to the beginning of the 1950s there were only small productive capacities which specialized in the producing accounting and account-perforating (punching) machines. The electronic numerical computer engineering was only arising and the productive capacities for it were close to the naught. The first serious steps in the development of production base were made initially in the late 1950s when the work on creating the first industry samples of the electronic counting machines was finished and there were created M-20, â€Å"Ural-1†, â€Å"Minsk-1†, which together with their semi-conductor successors (M-220, â€Å"Ural-11-14†, â€Å"Minsk-22† and â€Å"Minsk-32†) created in the 1960s were the main ones in the USSR until the computers of the third generation were put into the serial production, that is until the early 1970s. In the 1960s the science-research and assembling base was enlarged. As the result of this measures, all researches connected with creating and putting into the serial production of semi-conductor electronic computing machines were almost finished. That allowed to stop the production of the first generation machines beginning from the 1964. Next decades the whole branch of the computer engineering had been created. The important steps were undertaken to widen the productive capacities for the 3d generation machines. ? EIEV THE HOMECITY OF MESM ESM was conceived by S.A.Lebedev to be a model of a Big Electronic Computing Machine (BESM). At first it was called the Model of the Big Electronic Computing Machine, but ,later, in the process of its creation there appeared the evident expediency of transforming it in a small computer. For that reason there were added: the impute-output devices, magnetic drum storage, the register capacity was enhanced; and the word â€Å"Model† was changed for â€Å"Malaya† (Small). S.A.Lebedev was proposed to head the Institute of Energetics in Kiev. After a year; when the Institute of was divided into two departments: the electronical one and the department of heat-and-power engineering, Lebedev became the director of the first one. He also added his laboratory of analogue computation to the already existing ones of the electronical type. At once he began to work on computer science instead of the usual, routine researches in the field of engineering means of stabilization and structures of automated devices.

Introduction to become an Alim Essay

* The first thing is to act upon what has been thought, the person who seek knowledge and does not act upon it will become mislead. * Always respect everyone and never do something that which will lower your dignity because now you are representing Islam; it not so hold your own respect it is so you hold the respect of Islam. * Never act proud that you an educated a person verily Allah dislike the people who are proud and arrogant. * Be humble and soft with classmates, even if he/she treats you unjustly to you. * When you asked a question by a person who is hard of learning and he/she ask for explanation over and over again don’t become angry and just true your best to understand the question. * IF you are asked a question and you don’t know then say ‘I DON’T KNOW’ and don’t make the answer up. * Always stay on the topic when asked a question. * If someone correct you and you are wrong and admit that he is right. Never deny HAQ (truth) and always accepts the truth. The Ethics of the teacher * Always rush to giving Salam the teacher. * Talk minimum in front of your teacher. * When the teacher enter the room stand up in the honor and respect. * Don’t say that someone talked against you. * Don’t ask a question to anyone around the teacher because if they don’t know the answer they will feel embarrassed. * Don’t go against the teacher’s opinion. * Don’t laugh in front of the teacher * Only ask them question when they are at home, not in public * One should stop the teacher from teaching when they are tiered. * To be humbled in front the teacher. * Listen to the lecture with full attention. * before studying seek permission then read Istiadah and Bismillah, then make a dua once finished lesson Intention of an Alim-e-Deen When a student of deen is studying his intention should be to please Allah and to help towards Nabi mission and also to show other members of Islam to learn.

How Planning Your Blog Content Can Help You Get More Done

How Planning Your Blog Content Can Help You Get More Done I dont like planning out my blog content, she said. My friend and I were talking about editorial calendars and I, of course, was singing the praises of them. Id been using to plan my own blogs content and seeing great results. Why? I asked. I think content is better when it is spontaneous. More fresh, she said. When its planned out, its boring and dry. And I never end up actually writing the stuff on my calendar, which makes me feel bad. The Case For Doing More Blog Planning Before You Write via @JulieNeidlingerI could relate. Sort of. Most of my blogging existence has been one of writing at random. On a whim. When I felt like it. When the inspiration was flowing.  And it was also super sporadic, once every two weeks, and then three posts in one night. But I still felt that I needed to defend the idea of planning blog content ahead of time, before it was written, to my adamant friend. So is planning your blog content the answer to great content or its nemesis? If to plan or not to plan was a concept that was on trial, lets see how it would all pan out. The Case For Planning Your Blog Content In the case of to plan or not to plan, we have six witnesses for blog planning  defense: Inspiration can be used better. Systems have a chance to work. The rule of thirds means excellence. Rants and regrets dont exist. Research is better. Ideas are better fleshed-out. Strategy needs planned content to work. 1. Use your inspiration better. When that amazing inspiration hits, thats when you can get some serious blog planning done. The thing is, inspiration isnt always a regular friend. It often hits at inconvenient times and places (in the shower, or 2 a.m., or driving down the highway). Its wonderful when you get in the zone and the words fall out of your head into magical order, but most of the time, writing is an exercise that you practice to get better. Look at it pragmatically- you could use that wave of creative goodwill on just one post, or you could use it to brainstorm and write quick notes and ideas down for many posts. When your inspiration hits, you could write one blog post. Or use it to plan a dozen.When inspiration hits, brainstorm: Headlines Post ideas Content themes Series Ebook titles Email autoresponder courses As a writer often crunched for time and distracted from getting things done, Id rather get a lot of ideas lined up than just one post published. 2. A  chance to put a great  system to work for you. Writing systems are not magic bullets.  You can become so obsessed with finding the perfect system that you get nothing done and end up with no system at all. So no, a blog planning system isnt magic. But it is a way to shift into gear, get some momentum, and let the words flow easier. Systems are exactly like priming the pump. A system to plan your blog content isnt magic. But it can help you get more done.When you plan your blog content, you dont have to be afraid of not knowing what to say. Your system will help you. And, youll have time to properly use your system to achieve good final results because you planned and arent working in a rush. Here are two examples of writing systems that work great when youre planning ahead: The snowflake method for planning your blog content. This is a system novelists sometimes use. The idea is that you start small and build structure. The goal is to avoid major rewrites because you do the foundational work in such a way that the final structure falls into place. The snowflake method has writers start with a one-sentence summary of their book, then a paragraph to describe the plot. Then the characters are developed in a similar way, and so on down the line. While your planned content might not be a novel, a system that gets you to summarize and build from that summary to create a blog post could easily work. This type of system, where you start small and at the top of the pyramid, working down to the broader content, is best for detail-oriented people who like control. Julies four-step system for planning your blog content. Ive talked in detail about a four-step method I use to write blog posts. It starts wide and loose, unlike the snowflake system, allowing people who work best from inspiration or large ideas dump everything out on the page. Then it systematically helps you prune it back through editing and locating the excess. This type of system, where you start big and work from the bottom of the pyramid, working up to tighter content, is best for people who get large ideas first and then write them down to details. Or, for people who have a rush of inspiration and ideas and have to write them down before they lose them. 3. Time to perfect the final one-third. By planning your blog content, you have the chance to work on it, rework it, and finesse it. You have the time. Blog planning gives you the time to work, more than anything. And that means you can reach that final one-third. To simplify Tim Hursons idea in his book Think Better, we work in thirds. The first third is bad. The second third is better. The last third is the keeper. Thats the idea behind writing 25 headlines  to get one keeper, thats the idea of waiting until youve finished your blog post before writing the introduction. What you write initially is like rebar. Its basic, crude, rough. Just the start. Then you pour concrete or put up the drywall in your second round of work. Finally, you finish it out and add the final touches. Thats the final third, where you find the gold. Too many blog posts out there are rebar content. The initial idea, the bare-bones writing, the surface treatment. If they had had the time, they would have really been finished.  What does perfection in that final third involve? Time to identify lazy writing mistakes. Time to proofread and make edits. Time for other team members to complete the duties they have to do. When you plan your content, you get enough time to get past that first third into the good stuff. 4. No regrets for rants. With a long and storied history of ridiculousness, I am familiar with the insta-rant that you write and publish in a nanosecond and then spend the next few weeks putting out online fires. Rants and off-the cuff content can get you into trouble. Letting them sit as a draft for a day or two is the best option. But whats even better, particularly for a brand? Sticking to an editorial calendar and not relying on rants at all. When it comes to off-the-cuff content, rants frequently bubble to the top. Yikes. Spare yourself regret, avoid writing and publishing in the same fell swoop, and always stick to the plan no matter what youre angry or frustrated about in the moment. Spare yourself regret. Avoid writing and publishing in one fell swoop.5. Better research is possible. When you know what you have to write, you can research better. You can find better ideas using methods like the skyscraper technique. I know that having a plan in place and knowing what I will be writing about makes me more aware of what I could use in upcoming blog posts as Im reading and hopping around the Internet. This actually saves time in the long run. You cant do that when you dont plan. 6. A chance to use your organized ideas. Organizing ideas so that you can find and use them when you need to is a challenge. Much of the time, the reason people write in the moment is that they lack a system of storing that idea for a later time when they could write the content better. So they just toss it online so they dont lose it. When you plan your blog content, you can plug those ideas into your plan. Its one of my favorite things about , the ability to gather notes, research, links, conversations, and files right where Im planning. I dont have to feel the panic of writing now and hoping I can make it work in the first round. I can put it all together as time allows, and write later according to the plan. 7. You can create and implement strategy. Cant plan your blog content? You sure as heck wont be able to create a content strategy. Cant plan your content? You sure as heck wont be able to create a content strategy. How can you do any A/B testing if you never plan anything ahead of time? How can you pick out relevant patterns in your analytics? How can you attempt to make improvements to your content, your conversions- your anything- if you dont plan? No strategy, no direction, no budget. Planning ahead with your content goes hand-in-hand with planning your content marketing strategy as a whole. The Case Against Planning Your Blog Content Are there times when planning your blog content is detrimental? In the case of to plan or not to plan, lets have a look at the witnesses for the prosecution: You miss out on trends. Topics are not interesting anymore. Topics are now irrelevant. True inspiration is always better. Planning leads to procrastination. Planned content is dull. Are these legitimate witnesses or do they fall apart under scrutiny? Lets have a look. 1. Miss out on hot trends. You definitely cant know what the big trend is going to be a month or two ahead of it. That is true. But planning your blog content means you allow for flexibility when necessary. Your plan can absorb those last-minute trend blog posts if they are an important part of your niche. Trendy posts are the sprinkles on a cupcake- great to have, but you still need the cupcake or they are just lame sprinkles. The plan gives you the ability to sprinkle trending content on top. 2. Topics are no longer interesting. Sometimes planned topics arent as interesting to you when it comes time to write them, even if you thought they were a few weeks or months ago. This could lead to boring posts, lackluster writing, or missed deadlines as you put off writing the post. Well. Im sorry for your pain. Thats the business and work of writing. But if you simply cant bring yourself to write the content that you arent interested in anymorefine. Dont write it. Plan extra content ideas so you have the freedom to reject ideas. Give yourself some leeway as part of your plan. Guess what? This very blog post was planned more than  three months ago. When I opened up my editorial calendar to start my scheduled post, I looked at it and thought: Ugh. I have nothing to say about this. In that moment, I didnt particularly like planned content, either, because writing the plan was not very inspiring. So I reverted to my usual writing system, began the process, primed the word pump, and got the post written. And heres the big secret: What might seem like a boring post gets more interesting as you actually start writing it. Truth. What might seem like a boring post gets more interesting as you actually start writing it.3. Topics are no longer relevant. The topics you picked a month ago are not relevant or appropriate anymore. Again, fine. So what? Discard them, find something new, or tweak them so they fit. The scrap cookie dough left over after cutting out shapes doesnt make the cookies any less good. In the same way, the topics that cant be used dont make the planning any less beneficial. 4. There really are inspired moments to write. There truly are moments when you are more inspired to write. Yes. There are moments when the writing gods smile down on you and gift you with the golden words. So write. Use that. But dont make that your go-to system for creating content. They are horribly fickle gods, those jerks, and they are the patrons of blogs that have five fantastic posts spread out over six years. 5. Planning feeds into procrastination. Admittedly, excessive planning is one of the great procrastinators tools. Im quite fond of planning. Planning is exciting. It feels like youre getting things in order  while skipping out on the hard part of actually doing something.  So, if youre prone to procrastination, planning your blog content can be a way you make yourself feel better about not actually creating the content. But thats your problem with procrastination, not planning. Find topics that you want to write. Find a system that makes the start of content creation less formidable so you dont keep putting it off. Dont blame your blog planning. Figure out why you are procrastinating instead.

Barton Case Study

Barton Case Study Assessment of the Financial Position and Performance of the Barton Firm In order to assess the financial position and financial performance of the Barton engine business, it is important to consider carefully the ratio analysis of the company, as it assists comparisons, simplifies financial-statement, aids the top-management to recognize whether the business’s financial position is enhancing or worsening by showing a yearly-trend, evaluates the long-term financial aptitude, and operating efficiency.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Barton Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To conduct the ratio analysis of this firm, the focus should be on analyzing total current ratio, gross profit margin, net profit margin, and quick ratio or asset test ratio for three years (1999, 2000, and 2001), and compare between these ratios in order to come into a conclusion about Barton firm’s financial situation. Rati o Analysis for the Barton Firm Total Current Ratio (Total Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities) Total Current Ratio 1999 2000 2001 24297 / 16711 23255 / 16232 24159 / 15338 1.454 1.433 1.575 Table 1: Total Current Ratio for Three Financial Years of Barton Engine Source: Self-generated from Barton Case Study Current ratio is a common and quick evaluation of liquidity of Barton firm, as it shows the margin of safety or cushion accessible to the creditors; moreover, it is an index for Barton’s financial stability and practical solvency and a directory of the strength of its working capital. As shown in the table 1, from 1999 to 2000, there has been a slow increase in the current ratio of Barton (1.454 in 1999, 1.433 in 2000, and 1.575 in 2001). As this kind of rise in the ratio demonstrates the enhancement of the liquidity position of the business, it is notable that the liquidity position of Barton had a slow development over these three years. On th e other hand, if there was a decline in the current ratio, it was quite natural that the liquidity position of the business has worsened with time and that it should improve in order to have better position.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gross Profit Margin (Gross Profit Margin = Gross Profit / Revenue from Sales X 100) Gross Profit Margin 1999 2000 2001 26438 / 125950 x 100 24350 / 118175 x 100 21130 / 110000 x 100 20.991% 20.605% 19.209% Table 2: Gross Profit Margin for Three Financial Years of Barton Engine Source: Self-generated from Barton Case Study The gross profit margin is the proportion of the turnover, which a business preserves following the direct-expenses linked to generating the materials traded throughout a certain period; moreover, a rising profit margin means that the firm has good pricing strategy (it is able to lift prices with sm all or no effect on sales) or that it possess a rising productivity. However, as illustrated in table 2, there has been a substantial decrease in the gross profit margin from 1999 to 2000, which were consecutively 20.991%, 20.605%, and 19.209% decreasing margin could indicate that variable costs have risen while selling price has remained constant; it could also mean that Barton has cut prices to make an augmentation in sales. Net Profit Margin (Net Profit Margin = Net Profit / Revenue from Sales X 100) Net Profit Margin 1999 2000 2001 271 / 125950 x 100 236 / 118175 x 100 1855 / 110000 x 100 0.216% 0.199% 1.69% Table 3: Net Profit Margin for Three Financial Years of Barton EngineAdvertising We will write a custom report sample on Barton Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Source: Self-generated from Barton Case Study High net profit margin ratio shows how successful the firm is at changing sales into profit, and that the firm is capitalizing on some competitive-advantage, which can give it some additional capability and suppleness throughout the difficult financial periods; conversely, low net margin means the firm is not generating enough sales or it is not keeping your operating-expenses under control. Throughout 1999, 2000, and 2001, it is notable that the net profit margin has decreased so much that it took on a negative figure (0.216% in 1999, 0.199% in 2000, and 1.69% 2001). Such a decline in the net profit margin ratio throughout the three stated financial years might point out cost binges, which necessitate competence development; the Barton firm, having a low ratio, might need to take on debt to pay its expenses. Quick Ratio or Asset Test Ratio (Quick Ratio (Asset Test Ratio) = (Current Assets-Inventory) / Current Liabilities) Quick Ratio (Asset Test Ratio) 1999 2000 2001 (24297 8228) / 16711 (23255 8066) / 16232 (24159 11683) / 15338 0.962 0.936 0.813 Table 4 : Quick Ratio (Asset Test Ratio) for Three Financial Years of Barton Engine Source: Self-generated from Barton Case Study Asset test ratio would decline while cash or accounts obtainable balances reduce, devoid of an equivalent diminish in current liabilities, or boost in a current liability devoid of an equivalent boost in cash or accounts obtainable (for example, cash spent to buy fixed assets, cash spent to give off a long term debt, or cash spent to disburse dividends).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In 1999, 2000, and 2001, the asset test ratio diminished respectively by 0.962, 0.936, and 0.813, which shows Barton had a small liquidity ratio demonstrating that the firms liquidity position has needed further amplification. Suggestions for Ms. Payne Regarding the Financial Situation It is very important for Ms. Payne to provide a closer observation to improve the gross profit margin. This is achievable by two ways, either by augmenting the sales revenue when keeping the cost of sales the same, or by lowering the cost of sales, when upholding the same level of sales revenue. It is essential to note that Barton firm had an increase in its current ratio throughout the three years. However, in order to further enhance its current ratio and liquidity position, Ms. Payne should try to bring more cash into the balance sheet either by selling the under used assets, increasing loan capital and long term borrowings, or postponing intended investments. Moreover, the chief financial officer should also focus on raising the gross profit, or lowering the expenses and overheads. This will develop Barton’s net profit, which in turn will help it to enhance the net profit margin. According to table 4, the quick ratio or asset test ratio of the Barton firm has lowered constantly in 1999, 2000, and 2001. In order to enhance Barton’s asset test ratio, Ms. Payne should focus on two things, firstly, operate at increasing sales from the existing asset base, and secondly, sell of under utilized assets profitably, so that the sales figure has divided by a lower asset total. SWOT Analysis of Barton Engine Works Co Figure 1: SWOT Analysis of Barton Engine Works Co Source: self generated Strengths The internal strengths of Barton Engine are its glorious history, brand image, human resources, and performance of few departments, customer vase in the US market, and so on. Brand Awareness: Barton Engine Works Co had strong brand awareness for its consumer oriented five ho rsepower engine market; Employees: this company was the largest employer of the Barton County and it had more than 400 employees; Performance: According to the Barton Case Study, Earl and his engineering department’s little customer engine business is doing well. In addition, Earl stated that there is no immediate risk of losing the customer â€Å"Mulch Co† and 164 licensed dealers have doubled their purchase order from Barton Engine; Corporate Social Responsibility: Barton Engine has a significant level of budgetary involvement for its CSR1 policy and practice, for instance, the company provides scholarship to the children of the employees and talented students, send Christmas cards to the employees, and take care them; Customer Base: The strong base of loyal customers helped the company to continue its business and to compete with Japanese manufactures; Long Experience: Barton Engine Works Co has long experience to carry on its business with remarkable footprint in the US market. Weaknesses Besides strong points, Barton Engine has many weaknesses, such as Leadership: Once upon a time, this company was reputed for the financial strengths as predecessors were built a well-respected, $110 million company. However, the unfortunate death of William and his son by commuter plane crash created leadership gap though Ms. Payne is enough competent person to control the company as she has practical experience with high educational background; Decrease Market Share: The market share of Barton had decreased dramatically from 1985, for instance, it had at least 37% of consumer oriented five horsepower auto market in 1885 but it was only 4% in 2001, which indicates that 70% of total sales had down within last 15 years. In addition, its industrial market share had also dropped to 19%; Barton Engine Design: Integration of modern technology is an important factor in order to meet the demand of the products and create new fields of business operation but this company was not concentrated this issue. According to the case study, this company has been captured a significant market share 50 years ago when the owner of this company was designed high-tech model but the successors of the owner ignored this issue and lost market share; Operating costs: it was not possible for the management to reduce operating costs, and in 2001, its engineering, selling and administrative costs were $22,188,000; Financial position: This company has experienced huge financial problems as its net operating profits have decreased dramatically, for instance, its net income was 2065 thousands in 1999 where as it was (1058) thousands in 2001. Opportunities Key opportunities of the company have discussed below Market Demand: The top-level management of the company believed that they have strong customer base because still customers seek Barton Engine though Japanese manufactures sale few more engines in the US market. According to the Barton Case Study, this comp any has also largest market share, which indicates that it has huge opportunity to increase customer demand in the US market by restructuring and implementing new strategies; Increase Market Share: Most of the countries of the world are now member of WTO, which gives the scope to the company to enter new market by adopting suitable entry mode strategies to increase market share; Joint Venture: As many customer intended to purchase Barton Engines, it has the opportunity to joint venture with renowned companies to share technology of the partners, assets, manpower and so on; Divestiture Strategy: According to the Barton Case Study, the performance of few subsidiaries was not stable to carry on the business. As a result, the management of this company has opportunity to adopt divestiture strategy to concentrate on the core business or profitable units; Diversification: This Company has opportunity to diversify its product range both vertically and horizontally to attract the customer. Threats As per the case study, major threats for the company’s were Competitors: Japanese competitors were main problem for the company because Barton lost the market share and its glorious position due to strong presence of the Japanese products, for instance, in 1985, Japanese had only 6% and 2% share of consumer oriented five horsepower and ten horsepower auto market accordingly but it is now market leader of this sector. On the other hand, Japanese manufactures offered technologically advance products and designed new models over time; Decision-Making process: Taking right decision in proper time is one of the most important factors for the development of the company. However, the company may become insolvent due to undertake inappropriate steps; Conflicts between directors: Williams intended to carry out the business with old equipment, as he was spent huge fund for purchasing new products in 1978. On the other hand, the son of William was interested to purchase new m achine to develop quality of the products and increase efficiency of the employees. However, Williams argued that it should require more than $100 million to purchase new equipments, and need sufficient fund to train employees, so, this conflicts between directors had influenced to decrease the performance in the US market; Sales Report: The marketers scrutinised the sales data of profitable units and found that the earnings from 10-horsepower engine would decreased by 75% within the next fiscal year. Recommendation Ms. Payne should increase budget for promotional activities as it can increase customer base and market share; Moreover, she should decrease production costs by purchasing few machine and repairing old machine as the customers never compromise with the quality of the products; To reduce operating costs, the company should recruit efficient and low cost employees from South Asian countries like Bangladesh, India, and China; In addition, Ms. Payne should compare the perf ormance of all subsidiaries and sale the non profitable units to concentrate on the core business; She should try to work as a team to develop the performance of the employees; Ms. Payne should review the performance of the competitors to take decisions; She should consider the opinion of the top management and employees; However, Ms. Payne should restructure the pricing strategy in order to compete with the Japanese engine manufacturing companies. Suggestions about the 10-Horsepower Engine According to the Barton Case Study, in 1985, Barton had 21% share in consumer oriented 10-horsepower engine market whereas Japanese had captured only 2% market share. The US customers of generators, pumps and compressors were relied on Barton’s products for its quality and design, but Mr. William never upgraded the design and technology of 10-horsepower engine. As a result, this company failed to retain their glorious position and Japanese manufactures captured major portion of market sha re though some dealers of Barton is doing well and they have created a loyal customer base. Therefore, besides of upgrading the design of the engine, Barton firm should undertake the strategies suggested below. Suggestions 1: Formulating Pricing Strategy Assessment of the Strategy Appraisal Methods Evaluation Criteria Creates brand recognition This strategy will develop Barton’s brand image by creating a preference amongst the consumers for the 10-horsepower engine. Supports the vision Throughout 1999, 2000, and 2001, its sales have lowered significantly. In these circumstances, the position of the company can be improved by following a pricing strategy that will add a little mark-up after the cost of production. High price may cause declining sales. Utilize core competency Barton would need long time to regain its position if it does not consider this strategy as its key competency. Rivalry As other competitors ask lower price to capture the market, Barton shoul d hit the market by restructuring their pricing policy Constructs uniqueness and differentiation This will differentiate the 10-horsepower engine Generates loyal consumer base A large group of customer will become loyal for low prices, as because of the aftershock of the global financial crisis, the purchasing power of the consumers have reduced. Moreover, a larger consumer base will in turn enhance Barton’s market share. Financial hazards The strategy may initially mean quite low profits Short and long-term growth rate In long-term, the growth rate of Barton will increase Thinking customer first This strategy meet the criteria of considering the customer first Extent of Flexibility Cost Leadership is the effective strategy for future sustainability Suggestions 2: Undertaking Joint Venture Strategy Assessment of the Strategy Appraisal Methods Evaluation Criteria Creates brand recognition By this strategy, Barton will try to rebuild and renovate the techn ology of the 10-horsepower engine with the help of the firm it will join with; in long run, this will increase its brand recognition Supports the vision This strategy will support Barton to enhance the 10-horsepower engine and regain its recognition, which is one of its visions. Utilize core competency If successfully renovated, the 10-horsepower engine can be Barton’s core competency Rivalry Reduce competition between other player Constructs uniqueness and differentiation It will differentiate the engine as it would develop with the help of expert jointly from 2 different firms. In addition, the hard work, experience, human resources, capital, finances, skills, and adaptability of 2 different firms may mean that the outcome of the joint venture is successful. Generates loyal consumer base Enhanced functionality of the 10-horsepower engine ensures the creation loyal customer base. Financial hazards In case of joint venture, it has minimal start up costs, and few o verhead Short and long-term growth rate It offers large potential growth in the long-term in some cases. Thinking customer first This strategy has designed with think the company first Extent of Flexibility It limits its adaptability Footnotes 1 Corporate Social Responsibility

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